Pedro Javier Siquier Homar
Objectifs : 1. Promouvoir une démonstration de logiciel informatique incorporé pour un soutien nutritionnel dédié, intégré au dossier clinique électronique, qui détecte automatiquement et précocement les patients dénutris ou à risque de développer une dénutrition émergente, en définissant des points d'opportunité pour l'amélioration et l'évaluation des résultats.
2. Décrire les caractéristiques d'un nouveau programme informatique de prescription électronique assistée de nutrition parentérale et entérale. Définir les différentes aides à la prescription impliquées dans le processus de soutien nutritionnel, dans le but de standardiser le soutien nutritionnel et de l'inclure dans les protocoles.
3. Définir les éventuels laissez-passer menant au dossier clinique électronique de l'Hôpital Comarcal de Inca.
Méthodes : Les normes standards publiées par le Groupe de Travail de Nutrition de la Société Espagnole de Pharmacie Hospitalière (SEFH) et donc les recommandations du Groupe de Pharmacie de la Société Espagnole de Nutrition Parentérale et Entérale (SENPE) sont prises en compte. Selon ces normes de qualité, le soutien nutritionnel doit inclure les étapes ou sous-processus de soins ultérieurs : dépistage nutritionnel, évaluation nutritionnelle et plan de soins nutritionnels, prescription, préparation et administration.
Pour le développement du logiciel informatique, les caractéristiques que doivent comporter toutes les nouvelles technologies appliquées à l'utilisation des médicaments ont été prises en compte, conformément aux recommandations du Groupe d'évaluation des nouvelles technologies (Groupe TECNO) de la Société espagnole de pharmacie hospitalière (SEFH), ainsi qu'aux normes de pratique clinique publiées par le Groupe de travail sur la nutrition de la SEFH. Selon ces normes de qualité, les étapes ou processus de soins qui doivent être couverts par le système de soutien nutritionnel sont : le dépistage nutritionnel, l'évaluation nutritionnelle, le plan de soins nutritionnels, la prescription, la préparation, l'administration, le suivi et la fin du traitement. Les caractéristiques de chaque sous-processus sont décrites ci-dessous, ainsi que les différentes aides à la prescription mises en œuvre.
The map of the healthcare process of the nutritional support in said software is initiated with the inclusion of patients through computer entry in the admission department. All patients will be screened within the first 48 hours since admission. The nutritional screening selected for adult patients was NRS-2002 (26) or who are severely undernourished, or who have certain degrees of severity of disease in combination with certain degrees of under nutrition. Results of sternness of syndrome and under nutrition were well-defined as inattentive, mild, moderate or severe from data sets during a selected number of randomized controlled trials RCTs and FILNUT as computer screener27. For paediatric patients, the PYMS Nutritional Selection System was selected28. This section also includes an alternate method developed by British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (BAPEN), to work out patient size supported distance between olecranon and ulnar styloid process, and the age and gender of patients.
If the adult patient has no nutritional risk, the appliance won’t request the screening until after one week, as long as there's no FILNUT score of risk; and in paediatric patients, this will depend on the PYMS score.
Adult patients with nutritional risk are assessed according with the Nutritional Assessment Registry, and paediatric patients are assessed according to the recommendations by the Spanish Society of Paediatrics (AEPED). If the patient is not undernourished, the program will classify him/her as a patient without nutritional risk. The plan for nutritional care is defined for those patients who present undernourishment; said plan features an alarm system, which will inform if the limits of intake of different nutrients are exceeded, and if the way of administration chosen is adequate, according with the estimated duration of the specialized nutritional support. If during the estimation of requirements, the planned osmolality for parenteral nutrition is superior to 800mOsm/L, the software will indicate that the parenteral nutrition must be administered through a central line. In central lines, except for the umbilical for paediatric patients, the left or right side can be selected. After determining the plan of care, the pharmacist must validate the prescription.
In the specific case of parenteral nutrition, according to the formulations for three-chamber, two-chamber and saline bags included in the program database, together with the stability conditions that any preparation must present, the program will generate automatically the preparation which better adjusts to said conditions. If it was decided to modify said preparation due to clinical criteria, this can be confirmed again with the aim to determine its physical-chemical stability. If there is any physical-chemical incompatibility, the program will issue an alert through the relevant warning signals.
For treatment monitoring, there is a section for collection of Vital Constants (systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, temperature, heart rate, and partial oxygen saturation), fluid balance, and record of test results. Regarding the end of treatment, the following options were determined as possible causes: hospital discharge, death, oral or enteral transition, loss of line, indisposition, worsening of the condition, or others. In this last case, there is a Notes section for specifying the cause that was the reason for ending treatment. To obtain Quality Indicators, a module was selected for searching into the software database, in order to generate those indicators considered relevant, because it allows relating all variables collected in sub-processes, as well as any prescription assistance implemented.
Results: This software allows conducting in an automatic way, a selected nutritional assessment for those patients with nutritional risk, implementing, if necessary, a nutritional treatment plan, conducting follow up and traceability of outcomes derived from the implementation of improvement actions and quantifying to what extent our practice is on the brink of the established standard.
Conclusions: Finally, it is worth highlighting that a closed module with the quality indicators published so that was not implemented, because said software allows to meet some of them per se, like an universal screening of all hospital population, and nutritional diagnostic coding of patients. So that the application can be more versatile, all information contained can be used through the generation of dynamic tables combining all variables of different sub-processes; for example, it is possible to determine the relationship between patients at nutritional risk and the level of undernourishment, the prevalence of undernourishment, the number of days on nutritional support based on level of undernourishment, etc. All these data can be exported in excel, csv and pdf format, so that they can be treated with other information systems for subsequent treatment, if required. Summing up, this software introduces the concept of quality control by processes in specialized nutritional support, with the objective to determine any points of likely improvement, as well as the assessment of its outcomes. Once the software has been developed, it is necessary to set it into production, in order to determine if the standardization of specialized nutritional support with said tool will translate into an improvement in quality standards, and in order to assess its limitations.
Ce logiciel permet de standardiser le support nutritionnel spécialisé d'un point de vue multidisciplinaire, en introduisant le concept de contrôle interne par processus et en incluant le patient comme client principal. En ce qui concerne les entrées, dans le cas spécifique de l'hôpital Comarcal de Inca, on utilise l'ensemble des normes d'échange d'informations électroniques HL7 version 2.5. Celles-ci sont intégrées au dossier clinique du centre : constantes vitales (pression systolique, pression diastolique, température, fréquence cardiaque, saturation partielle en oxygène), unité d'examen clinique (analyse sanguine et tests biochimiques) et admission (hospitalisation, transfert et sortie de l'hôpital).
Biographie
Pedro Javier Siquier Homar a obtenu son diplôme de pharmacie à l'Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle et ses études de pharmacien hospitalier au Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo. Il est pharmacien hospitalier de la zone de préparation de l'hôpital Comarcal de Inca et directeur des développements salutiques, un service Bio-Soft de premier ordre.
Remarque : Ce travail est en partie présenté lors de la 5e Conférence internationale et exposition sur la nutrition, 5e Conférence européenne sur la nutrition et la diététique, qui s'est tenue du 16 au 17 juin 2016 à Rome, en Italie.