Journal des troubles sanguins et de la transfusion

Abstrait

Reasons for Rejection of Total Blood Pockets: Experience of the Blood Bank of Yaounde Central Hospital

Bernard Chetcha Chemegni*, Francoise Ngo Sack, Annick Ndoumba, Leonie Flore Kenmalong Mboula, Edgard Lontsi Sonkwa, Claude Bertrand Tayou Tagny, Dora Mbanya

Blood banks in sub-Saharan Africa regularly face shortages of blood products (PS). Several factors are responsible for this, including Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (ITT) and deficiencies in the transfusion system. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and the various reasons for rejection at the blood bank of the Central Hospital of Yaounde. We conducted a prospective study at the blood bank of the Central Hospital of Yaoundé, Cameroon over 5 months, from August 2015 to December 2015. Five millilitres (05 ml) of venous blood were taken from each participant in a tube without anti-coagulant; patient samples were stored at -24°C. A rapid screening test and an ELISA test were used to screen for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Viral Hepatitis C (HCV), Viral Hepatitis B (HVB) and syphilis on the samples taken. Among the 705 people included in this survey, there were 95.74% men and 4.26% women. The average age of the participants was 30 years. There were a total of 185 bags of rejected blood. Infectious causes represented 22.55% (Hepatitis B and C, HIV and syphilis with a respective prevalence of 9.08%, 0.71% 6, 95% and 5.82%) and noninfectious causes represented 3.68 % (clots, insufficient volume of whole blood bag, haemolysis and expiration with a respective prevalence of 1.84%, 0.71 0.14% and 0.99%). In addition, the association between rejection of blood bags and qualitative variables was assessed. There emerged a significant association between the risk of rejection of a blood bag and the type of donor, condom use, number of partners, and history of STIs. At the Yaounde Central Hospital blood bank, the reasons for rejection of blood bags are divided into two categories: mainly infectious reasons, and non-infectious reasons. Also, certain risk variables such as not using a condom, multiple sexual partners and a history of Sexually Transmitted Infection (STIs) are risk factors that can promote rejection of blood bags.